1 - KudoZ

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1.1 - KudoZ: general

1.1 - 什么是KudoZ？

KudoZ是一个术语帮助网络。通过KudoZ，ProZ.com用户以及访客可以互相提供免费疑难术语翻译支持。请参考我们的flash简介以了解详情。

1.2 - Glossary of KudoZ terms

Question: The request for help posted by the asker, including at least a language pair, a field of expertise, a term and context information.

Action buttons: Buttons located below the question that offer users access to several areas described below. The buttons are:




Answer: Reply in the target language to the asked term, including at least the translation of the term, an explanation and the answerer's confidence level.

Reference comment: This area is accessed with the "Post reference" button and should be used to provide information which is not in itself an answer, but which may be helpful to either the asker or other answerers. The information submitted in this way will not be subject to consideration as "best" or "most helpful", and points will not be received.

Discussion area: This area is accessed with the "Post discussion" and should be used for additional exchanges of context information and for linguistic discussions on the question. This area should not be used to comment on answers ( http://www.proz.com/siterules/kudoz_answ/3.4#3.4 ) or on participants ( http://www.proz.com/siterules/kudoz_answ/3.7#3.7 ). In GBK it also allows participation of users who do not meet the criteria to answer.

Grading: The process by which the asker reviews the suggestions and awards points to the answerer who provided the translation deemed by the asker to be the most useful.

Peer comment: A comment made by a site user concerning his agreement or disagreement with a translation suggested by a peer. Peer comments must be based on linguistic considerations. This is the only valid way to comment on a KudoZ answer.

Asker: A person in need of translation assistance who posts a term or phrase, providing context and the desired target language.

Answerer: A site user who provides an answer to a KudoZ question.

Reference poster: A site user who provides a reference comment.

KudoZ editors: Non-moderator site users who have been given the right to perform some editing functions on KudoZ questions.

1.3 - 它的工作原理如何？

一个KudoZ“交易”包括三个步骤：
（1）需要翻译协助的人张贴一个术语或短语，提供上下文，说明期望的目标语言。
（2）网站用户提出翻译建议，提供解释和参考来源。
（3）提问者分析各个建议，为最有帮助或最准确的用户奖励1至4分。

1.4 - KudoZ分数有什么用途？

某些客户根据KudoZ分数标定译员，然后进一步确定他们是否合适。 这意味着假如您需要了解医学的译员提供的服务，可以先考虑回答医学问题得到300分的人。

1.5 - 回答：如何更新KudoZ分数？

在整个网站某些地方显示的KudoZ分数每天更新一次，而其它地方显示的分数实时更新。 因此，可能存在临时性差异，但在每天记录全部分数时加以纠正。会员可以强制系统实时更新自己的分数。 转到KudoZ分数摘要页，单击“现在更新总分”。

1.6 - 参与KudoZ需要遵守哪些规则？

参看KudoZ规则：一般规则，提问规则 和回答问题和同仁评论规则

1.7 - 回答：如有人破坏了KudoZ规则，我该怎么办？

若有人破坏KudoZ rules，您应当向负责该语言队的协调员报告。请点击这里查看协调员列表。

当联系协调员汇报违反KudoZ规则事项时，请一定说明全部相关信息，包括该问题链接等。

1.8 - KudoZ分类是什么意思？

KudoZ问题可以用一个有约100项的字段列表分类。 列表是应用统计原理根据ProZ.com用户输入的主题范围创建的，故意弄得有点模糊。 例如由于一个用户可能想到"auto"，而另一个用户想到"cars"，列表里给出了两个分类名称。

注意：虽然这样的双重分类在字段列表中很明显，但它们以相同的方式输入数据库。 所以，选择哪个分类并不重要，您只需选择与您要问的术语相对应的第一个分类。

提示： 在大多数浏览器里，单击选择列表，输入您要选择的分类的第一个字母（"c"表示"cars"），然后找到您希望的分类。

1.9 - 若不给问题打分，结果会怎么样？

如果有人回答问题，但三天之内未关闭该问题，系统将向提问者发送电子邮件，提醒他/她打分。若发送该通知之后，提问者依然不给问题打分（超过两个星期），系统将自动选择最佳答案。“自动打分系统”根据下列规则，依据每个问题得到的同仁“同意”数量进行选择：
— 至少有两个“净同意”分数（同意分数减去不同意分数）才可纳入自动打分系统的考虑范围。
— 选择“净同意”分数的答案。 若两个答案有相同数量的净同意分数，则选择后提交的答案。 因为：假如两个答案的完全同意数量相同，在最短时间内提供的答案可能更好。

若任何答案均没有两个或以上净同意分数，则不会关闭该答案。

1.10 - 在哪里可以找到此前提的问题和相应答案的列表？

转到简介页，单击KudoZ选项卡。付费会员可以在该页上找到强制更新KudoZ分数的选项。

1.11 - Can I see questions in language pairs not reported in my profile?

Yes. You can see KudoZ questions in all language pairs by clicking on See more languages in the KudoZ questions page.

1.12 - KudoZ问题在哪些条件下会被删除掉？

KudoZ问题可能被删除的原因大约有十种。 如要了解这些原因的讨论，参看： 本文.

1.13 - What information can I see about a KudoZ asker?

If you move your mouse over the asker's picture in a KudoZ question you will see a mouse-over message similar to the one pictured below:



The following definitions apply:

* Questions: the amount of questions posted by the asker.

* Open: questions that remain open and have at least an answer not hidden and not declined by the asker.

* Without valid answers: questions that remain open and that received no answers, or that received answers that were hidden, or declined by the asker.

* Closed without grading: questions that were closed without grading by the asker after having received at least one answer not hidden.

Squashed questions are not included in these statistics. If you want to get more information on the asker, a click on the asker's link will take you to the asker's profile.

1.14 - “投票为专业问题”和“投票为非专业问题”按钮有什么作用？

若某个KudoZ问题被标记为专业问题，参与者可以投票将其改为非专业问题，反之亦然。如需为该问题重新分类，需要至少三人将其投票为专业问题或非专业问题。
如果您的KudoZ分数低于二十分（20分），您将不会看到该选项。

1.15 - When posting my question I selected by mistake the wrong level (PRO, non-PRO). What can I do?

You should submit a support request to have this issue addressed by staff.

1.16 - 答： 我想我的总分应该比目前显示的高。

如果您是会员，可以强制系统实时更新自己的分数。 转到KudoZ分数摘要页，单击“现在更新总分”。 如果您是注册会员，总分存在的任何差异均会在24小时内得以纠正。

如要检查您是否得到了某个特定问题的分数，在简介页检查KudoZ历史记录。

1.17 - 答： 我的一项KudoZ总分下降了。 怎么会这样呢？

总分下降可能是选择不同总分的缘故（总体、专业、领域或时期）。 可能会导致总分下降的因素：

— 您得分的问题可能被删除或降级了
— 您得分的专业问题可能被重新分类为非专业问题（从而降低您的专业总分，提高非专业总分）
— 您得分的问题被分类为另一个专业领域（一个领域的总分提高，另一个领域的总分下降）
— 时间过了（可能会导致过去三个月的总分下降）

如果您想确切了解昨天得分的8个答案，可以查看简介页上的回答历史记录。 应该显示每个答案和您得的分数。

1.18 - 答： 我能否更改简介页上KudoZ分数摘要部分显示的内容？

用户可以在本页的摘要部分选择隐藏KudoZ分数类型： http://www.proz.com/pro/?show_mode=kudoz&sub_mode=summary

1.19 - What do the "ok" and "no" under the the "Gloss" (glossary) column in my KudoZ activity section indicate?

The "ok" indicates that a glossary entry derived from the KudoZ question has been entered into the glossary.

On the other hand, the "no" indicates that no glossaru entry has been entered.

1.20 - 答： 我必须创建一份新介绍专页。 能否将前一个介绍专页的分数合并过来？

如果您是会员，可以让支持人员替您合并。 注意不仅合并您的分数，还合并您的整个KudoZ历史记录（提问、同仁评论、备注等）。 您将不能再访问旧介绍专页。

如要合并简介，给支持中心提交一份请求，请员工将一个特定介绍专页里的KudoZ历史记录合并到另一个特定介绍专页里。 尽可能用编号标识介绍专页（假如您不知道编号，可以使用用户名）。

您要在支持请求中声明您了解此项操作是不可恢复的，您不再访问历史记录已被移动的介绍专页。

重复一次，此选择仅适用于会员。

1.21 - 如何在ProZ.com术语搜索中排除音译发音符号和重音符号？

在某些情况下，ProZ.com术语搜索提供有限的音译发音符号和重音符号（例如在搜索术语"publica"时，返回的结果可能包含"pública"）。 如要禁用此功能，选择“准确匹配短语”选项。

1.22 - How can I enter a discussion entry?

To enter a discussion entry you should click on the "Post discussion" button. A form will show to allow you to post a title and the body of your entry. These fields are limited to 50 and 1200 characters respectively (there is a counter to tell you how many characters you have left for the main field). There is a preview option and buttons for submitting the entry and for canceling the operation.



Once your discussion entry has been entered, you will be able to edit it during the first 24 hours, or to delete it any time, by clicking on the icons displayed on the top right corner of the entry.

1.23 - 我建议要求参与KudoZ的用户付费。 这样可以提高质量。

我们目前不打算对会员使用KudoZ施加任何限制。 但提供查看首选项和通知首选项选择，只看到会员提的问题。 当您提问时，也可以指定只有会员才能回答。

1.24 - Are KudoZ questions indexed by search engines?

Yes. As with the public forums, KudoZ questions are indexed by search engines.

Keep in mind that this can (and should) work in your favor. A series of excellent KudoZ answers, or of helpful, professional forum posts, boost your web visibility to potential clients, and may also give them a further means of evaluating you as a translator and as a professional.

1.25 - What do the time references next to the confidence level and in the peer section indicate?

They indicate the time elapsed from the moment the question was asked until the other action "answer", "peer comment" took place. The times shown are measured in relation to moment the question was asked.

1.2 - Asking

2.1 - http://www.proz.com/siterules/kudoz_general/1.1#1.1规定中的“词条帮助”包括哪些内容？

可以针对术语或惯用短语提出KudoZ问题。

每个问题仅可以包含一组不可分割的词语（最多10个词），比如一个包含多个不可或缺单词的惯用短语（比如：“a jack of all trades and master of none”）。

提问者也可以针对词语含义、词语顺序或语法问题提问，但这种提问必须在相应的单一语种区进行。进行单一语种KudoZ提问时，只需在原文语言和目标语言选项中选择同一种语言即可。

2.2 - 提问：是否有提问数量上限？

是的。您的每日（以最近24小时计算）最高限额取决于您的会员等级。若您未在ProZ.com上注册，每天只能提出一（1）个问题。若您已注册，但不是付费会员，则最多可以提五（5）个问题。若您为会员，则可以提十五（15）个问题。另外注册非会员用户每星期的最高限额是20个问题，付费会员的最高限额是60个问题。若您的问题中有十（10）个已获得有效答案但您未能在一周内关闭该问题，则您无法再次提问。请对上述问题评分，以继续提问。

2.3 - What happens if I ask questions beyond the daily or weekly limits?

When you ask questions beyond the limits corresponding to your membership status, these extra questions are added to the KudoZ question queue and they will be made visible automatically when enough time has elapsed for the question to be within asking limits.

When this happens you will see a message like this one:



When you click to see your queue, you will see a table like this one:



Members have higher limits and can request limit waivers via the support system.

2.4 - 提问：我习惯于保留词条问题直到项目结束。是否有办法避免该上限？

我们认为对大多数人而言，每天十五（15）个问题是个很宽泛的限制。比如，您可以在项目的最后两天中提出三十（30）个问题。假如您需要提出更多问题，且您为付费会员，请向技术支持人员提出申请，获得暂时宽限。

2.5 - Can I post a question in more than one language pair?

It is not possible to post a single question in different language pairs. However, several questions in different language pairs may be posted for a single term.

2.6 - 提问：是否可以提出单一语种Kudoz问题？

可以，但Kudoz中并未为单一语种问题开设专区。因此，如果您需要提出单一语种问题（例如：英语到英语），请转至Kudoz选项卡的“提问”部分。 然后在提问表单中，选择“查看更多语言”。在出现的两个列表中选择同一种语言。如此操作即可提出单一语种问题。

2.7 - 问： 我不大清楚问题应该归为非专业类还是专业类。 二者有什么区别？

由于很难在专业和非专业之间划一条清晰的分界线，所以这两类问题可以采用下列定义：

2.8 - 问： 我能否给自己提的问题增加说明信息？ 我能否编辑它？

您不能编辑问题，但可以附加备注。问题页上将显示一个表单。（若您无法找到问题页，请使用电子邮件确认函上的链接。）

2.9 - 提问：我能否只给自己认识的某些人发问题？

若您为ProZ.com付费会员，可以这么做。

2.10 - 提问：为什么要将问题限于某些人回答？

许多KudoZ回答者知道哪些ProZ.com会员在哪些领域有专长。对于给定的术语，他们选择直接向这些专家求助。这样做的目的是使此过程更标准化，更便捷，确保将提供的答案保存成可搜索记录。

2.11 - 提问：为什么可以将问题仅限于某些类型的会员回答？

有时提问者希望收到特定团队的反馈，例如说母语的译员，从事某个领域的人士，或者精选的几类ProZ.com会员。 网站功能支持这种偏好。

2.12 - 问： 如果我私下里问问题，例如仅限于我的团队中的一个人回答，其他人是否会看到该问题？ 能否在归档文档里搜索它？

如果您是会员，可以有选择地保护团队隐私。 如果您是注册用户，可以在一个月内有选择地保护团队隐私，之后它就公开了，可以搜索。注意事项： 即使对隐私问题，KudoZ也不采用类似银行那样的安全措施。 即使使用隐私选项，也不应在KudoZ上张贴敏感术语。

2.13 - 提问：如何在不拒绝或不打分的情况下感谢KudoZ回答者的回答？

您可以在简介专页上单击回答者姓名，给他们写感谢信。信件将采用电子邮件方式发送。

您最好通过链接引用KudoZ问题。

2.14 - 问： 如何给KudoZ问题打分？

为了给KudoZ问题打分，您必须单击最佳答案框内的“选择此答案为最有帮助的答案"链接。 在单击“选择此答案为最有帮助的答案”链接之后，弹出一个窗口，您可以在此窗口里打KudoZ分，并将KudoZ术语输入自己的词汇表和/或“KudoZ开放词汇表”(KOG)。

2.15 - Can I grade my question less than 24 hours after posting it?

KudoZ rule 2.10 recommends that askers allow at least twenty-four (24) hours to pass before closing a question.

To select the most helpful answer, the asker clicks on the link in the selected answer:




If less than 24 hours have elapsed since the question was posted, the following window will open:




If the asker chooses to wait until 24 hours have elapsed since the question was posted, the question will remain open and it will be graded normally by the asker.

If, on the other hand, the asker chooses to select the most helpful answer at this time, a new window will open to allow them to enter their preferences:




This window will allow the asker to select the most helpful answer, to assign points to it and to post a grading comment. The asker also has the option to select and edit a glossary entry associated with this answer.

If the asker does not select a glossary entry, the following message will be displayed:




If the asker makes a glossary entry, the message will include the following information:




Once this form is submitted, the question will remain open and new answers and peer comments can be added. About 72 hours after this submission, the system will grade the question in accordance with the following criteria:

a) If none of the answers has a net peer grading (agrees minus disagrees) of 2 or more, then the option selected by the asker will be used.

b) If at least one answer has a net peer grading higher than 1 and one of the answers has a net peer grading higher than the others, then this answer will be selected.

c) If at least one answer has a net peer grading higher than 1 and two or more answers share the same top peer grading, the answer posted last will be selected. The logic behind this criterion is that all those agreed to the second answer have seen the first one and still voted for the second, therefore preferring the second answer, while those that voted for the first one may not have seen the second answer when voted.

If the answer selected by the asker was chosen due to lack of votes or because the community voted for it, the amount of points, grading comment and (if entered) glossary entry selected by the asker will be chosen. If the asker did not make a glossary entry, one will be created automatically using the asked term and the suggested term.

If a different answer from the one selected by the asker was chosen by the community, 4 points will be assigned to this answer and a glossary entry will be created using the asked term and the suggested term.

After grading, the question will show the following message:

2.16 - 问： 我丢失了KudoZ电子邮件通知链接，现在如何给自己提的KudoZ问题打分？

如果您丢失了KudoZ电子邮件通知链接，您可以通过在线通知系统向支持中心索取一份，并/或联系版主，请他/她重新将该链接发送到您的电子邮件地址。 切记在索取另一个电子邮件通知时，要说明您提的问题的KudoZ URL。

如果您不记得KudoZ URL，并且在提交问题时没有登录，必须在线联系支持中心，让支持中心替您给问题打分。

2.17 - 问： 我能够给多个答案打分？

不，您只能选择一个“最佳”答案。之前我们考虑过向不同回答者分别打分，但是作用不大且难以监控，因此后来该方案被我们废弃了。通用的法则是，选择那个对你帮助最大的答案。如果两个或以上答案均令你获益匪浅，你可以选择第一个答案（时间越长回答者之间差距越小）。

2.18 - 提问：如何在不评分的情况下关闭已收到答案之问题？

只需点击“关闭”按钮。你必须注明不评分原因，然后点击“关闭问题”。

2.19 - 我不选择最佳答案就关闭了问题。 能否再次打开该问题？

可以，您可以点击“重新打开”按钮。如有疑问，请提交技术支持申请单。

2.20 - 问： 如何关闭自己提的、无人回答的问题？

在问题页上单击“打分”按钮。 您将进入下一页，您在此应该单击“不打分关闭问题”按钮。 （分数： Mikhail Kropotov）

2.21 - 问： 如何停止接收问题打分电子邮件通知？

在提问之后的第五天、第七天、第九天和第十一天，给提问者发送电子邮件通知，提醒他/她给自己提的KudoZ问题选择合适的答案。

如不想再收到电子邮件通知，提问者应该执行下列操作之一：

— 选择最有用的答案。
— 关闭问题，不选择答案（单击“不打分关闭问题”按钮）
— 拒绝现有的所有答案，但让问题处于开放状态，继续接受他人提供的答案。 为此，单击答案列表上面的“[没有一个答案合适，不要再提醒我选择答案]”。

2.22 - 我应当按照什么标准给最佳答案打分（1至4分）？

在给答案打分时，下述尺度可作为参考：

4：答案可以接受，解释很清楚，提供参考来源（或本问题无需参考来源）
3：答案可以接受，解释很清楚，但不提供参考来源
2：答案可以接受
1：答案有一定帮助

2.23 - Points were awarded to an answer to my question but I would like to select another answer instead. How can I un-grade my question?

To un-grade a question you have asked in order to award the points to the answer you found most helpful, you will need to first obtain the agreement of the answerer to whom the points have been given. Both you and the answerer should express this agreement either to the assigned moderator(s), or via support request.

2.24 - Can I use KudoZ if I need help to get a single term translated into different languages?

Yes, you can, provided the term in question qualifies as "term help" as described here.

1.3 - Answering

3.1 - 回答：我看不到KudoZ问题。我该怎么办？

请给proz.com支持团队发送错误链接地址和该页的截屏！

3.2 - 答： 在搜索会员提的问题时，我发现很奇怪。

执行仅会员选项（位于KudoZ列表页上的“提问者类型”之下 — http://www.proz.com/kudoz )将您看到的问题仅限于在提问时是会员的用户提的问题。 由于最近才记录提问者的会员类型，搜索结果数量很小。 同时，由于有多种会员资格（全职、兼职），有的会员资格即将到期，可能会用户留下漏洞百出印象。

3.3 - 在问题关闭并打分之后，我是否还能回答该问题？

打分之后问题即关闭，但您依然可以回答问题。

这样处理的原因是：尽管提问者认为已经找到最佳答案，但您的答案可能依然能够对他有所帮助。

3.4 - 回答：我可以更改我给出的KudoZ答案么？

不可以。更改答案对其他作答者很不公平。但是你可以为答案加注解。有时，你也可以隐藏错误答案，并且重新进行正确作答。

3.5 - 提问：我的回答框为什么显示“隐藏”字样？

您可以隐藏自己的回答。 这是撤销答案的方法。

3.6 - 回答：如何显示此前被我隐藏的答案？

不能再次显示被隐藏的答案。 请仅于需要永久隐藏答案时使用“隐藏答案”链接。

3.7 - 关于回答：如果我隐藏我的回答并重新提交新的答案，这样做是否违反网站的答题规则？

如果您偶尔提交两个答案，这种做法是允许的。如果经常性地提供多个答案，无论是否隐藏之前答案，这种做法都会违反KudoZ答题规则。请参见KudoZ答题规则a>。

3.8 - 答： 如果问题被标记为“不打分”，这意味着什么？

有的用户认为打的KudoZ分数要从KudoZ经验值中减去。 此类用户在问问题时，不能将问题标记为“不打分”。 回答此类问题没有KudoZ分。

3.9 - 答： 如果我回答“不打分”问题，我的简介页中的KudoZ历史记录是否显示这些问题？

可以。 此类问题将被标记为彩色，表示不给分。

3.10 - 答： 回答“不打分”问题能够提高我在KudoZ排行榜或ProZ.com译员目录中的地位？

不，回答“不打分”问题的好处是非技术性的，而是间接的（学习、帮助、联网等）

3.11 - 答： 提“不打分”问题的人是否仍然需要关闭问题？

是，提问者要选择他们认为最合适的答案，有选择地将术语输入词汇表。

3.12 - 答： 那些仅限于某些个人或工作组回答的问题是否有分数？

如果一个问题仅限于一组特定用户回答，答案没有分数。 但是，仅限于某些类型的用户回答的问题有分数。

3.13 - Can I ask an asker for more context?

Yes. Context can be requested in the discussion area of the question. Requests for context should be in line with site rules, however. Asking for context and stating, for example, "don't hold your breath. This is all we're going to get. This asker doesn't believe in context", would be out of line with http://www.proz.com/siterules/kudoz_answ/3.7#3.7.

3.14 - Can I point out that the wrong language pair or question category has been chosen?

Yes. Note that moderators and KudoZ editors can change these fields, and it is usually best to contact one directly, instead of commenting on it in the question itself.

Care should be taken to point out the possible error appropriately. Admonishing the asker to pay attention next time, for example, does not constitute a linguistic discussion and would be against http://www.proz.com/siterules/kudoz_general/1.3#1.3.

3.15 - Can I point out to the asker that the question has already been posted before and is in the glossary?

Yes. However, pointing out that a question is already in the glossary and asking the asker why they chose to post the question anyway, for example, would be against http://www.proz.com/siterules/kudoz_answ/3.7#3.7.

3.16 - Can I post a reference comment to a question where I have already posted an answer?

No. Once you have provided an answer you should add all additional information in the answer itself.

1.4 - Peer commenting

4.1 - 答： 我能否同意针对一个问题回答的多个答案？

可以。 我们鼓励您同意您认为正确的多个答案，不同意您认为错误的多个答案。

4.2 - 回答：如果有人不同意答案，该怎么办？

不同意只表示有人提醒您（和其它人），他/她认为答案是错误的，提问者自行决定是否采纳此建议。

唯一会产生的“机械”作用是，如果该问题是由网站自动选择，不同意的数量会使你的回答不被选中。

4.3 - 回答：我输入了同仁评论并得到答复，我可以回复该答复么？

不行。为了防止KudoZ问题偏离正轨，不允许针对每个答案进行多次交谈。 同仁可以评论，回答者可以答复，双方的交流到此为止。 （可以编辑同仁评论，并回复评论，但这仅用于编辑拼写错误，纠正断开的链接，或进行类似的更改。）切记清晰简洁地说明自己的立场；您只有一次机会。

4.4 - 我看到一个链接：“编辑/删除”同事评论。 这是什么意思？

您可以利用“编辑/删除”链接编辑同仁评论。 请注意这仅供修改拼写、修正断开的链接或进行类似的更改。

4.5 - Can I comment on an answerer's confidence level in my peer comment?

No. Peer comments should be purely linguistic in nature (see KudoZ rule 3.5). Making comments or insinuations regarding an answerer's confidence level would not be in line with KudoZ rule 3.7.

1.5 - KudoZ editors

5.1 - 答： 我看到有的用户（非版主）重新分类或删除他人的问题。 这些会员是怎么挑选出来的？

协调员可以邀请至少拥有500分KudoZ积分的付费会员或注册用户阅读重新分类和删除指南，并进行简短测验。通过测验者有权根据规程进行编辑。

5.2 - 回答：出现一个允许我编辑他人问题的选项。为什么？

当您获得一定的KudoZ分数（500）时，将会显示该选项，您可以借此修改他人提出的问题。若问题应为西班牙语到英语，但却以英语到西班牙语列出，您可以进行修改。

1.6 - KudoZ notifications

6.1 - 回答：我没有收到任何KudoZ电子邮件通知。

若您未曾收到任何KudoZ通知邮件，请检查简介专页上的设置。在下列情况下，您不会收到任何通知邮件：
— 没有输入语言对
— 没有输入专业领域
— 没有在电子邮件偏好中选中接收KudoZ通知邮件。

若您此前一直能够收到通知，在没有进行任何更改的情况下突然不再通知，可能有几个原因：
— 之前给您发送的邮件被退回，因此您的电子邮件地址被标记为有误（请检查简介专页上的个人资料；在这种情况下您的电子邮件地址前会出现‘xxx’字符
— ProZ.com电子邮件通知系统出现故障。（请查看网站状态页面上的信息）
— 您或您的邮件服务供应商更改或添加了过滤功能，而过滤功能恰巧阻止了我们给您发送的通知（例如，terra.es就发生过这种情况）。

若在检查上述各项之后依然无法找到问题根源，请给支持中心发送一份技术支持申请单，列出一个或以上（您应该收到通知的）KudoZ问题的链接。

6.2 - 回答：我没有收到应该收到的所有KudoZ通知。

在发出Kudoz问题电子邮件通知时，需要考虑的标准有： 语言对、主题范围和难易程度。 如果您没有收到某问题的电子邮件通知，请检查自己的简介设置和通知邮件接受偏好是否设置正确。若您确信设置正确无误，请提交一份技术支持申请单，列出您理应收到的一个或多个KudoZ问题的链接地址。ProZ.com员工将检查您的通知邮件是否已从ProZ.com服务器发出。 （若已发出，则可能是您的邮件服务商或本地计算机出故障，或者已将邮件过滤。）

6.3 - 答： 我收到太多KudoZ电子邮件通知

为了减少您收到的KudoZ电子邮件通知数量，尝试在KudoZ通知首选项里选择较少的主题领域。 如要停止接收所有KudoZ电子邮件通知，只需在“KudoZ仪表板”上的第一个问题里选择“否”。

6.4 - 答： 有时我通过电子邮件收到的问题在网站上看不到，有时却收不到在网站上看到的问题......

电子邮件首选项和查看首选项是分开设置的。 电子邮件首选项通过您的仪表板设置 - http://www.proz.com/dashboard - 查看首选项通过KudoZ列表页设置 - http://www.proz.com/kudoz

6.5 - 答： 什么是每日摘要？

包含当天所提问题简短摘要的邮件，同时列出到目前为止给出的任何答案的列表。

6.6 - 回答：如何收到来自我的团队的KudoZ通知？

您所在团队的任何成员都可以张贴只让团队成员回答的KudoZ问题。 为了收到这类问题的通知，您只需打开通知服务和工作对或兴趣对中的相关语言对。

6.7 - Can I track a particular KudoZ question?

Yes. If you are a paying member you can track any KudoZ question. For each question you will see a track setting box in the left navigation column of the page which looks like this:

When you check this box and click on save, you will receive a notification each time a reference post or an answer is posted.

Also, there is a selection box in the discussion area that allows the tracking of the discussion entries of a particular question:



When you select the "track question" box, the "track discussion" will also be selected. You can then de-select any of them independently.

When you post a reference comment, an answer or a discussion entry, the "track discussion" box is selected. If you de-select it once it will no longer be automatically selected again in this question.

6.8 - How can I get notifications when a certain person asks a KudoZ question?

In order to get a notification every time a certain registered user asks a KudoZ question you have to "flag" this asker as follows:

In your top drop-down menu select KudoZ -> Dashboard



On the left panel of your KudoZ dashboard, select the option "Asker flags & filters"



This is the box used for flagging askers. In this case no asker has been flagged yet:



To flag an asker you should enter the user's ID in the corresponding box and pres "Flag asker". If you don't know this number you should click on the link "Search" to open a search tool:



In this case a search by name brings the user's ID and username:



Once the asker was flagged, it will look like this in your dashboard page:



And it will look like this when the flagged asker posts a question:



Notification will be sent to you of flagged askers' questions, even when they do not match your notification settings.

6.9 - I don't want notifications of a particular person's questions-- what can I do?

If you become convinced that a certain member is not likely to ask questions that are of interest to you, you may opt to "filter" that member's questions (regardless of your notification settings.)

To do so you should select KudoZ -> Dashboard in your top drop-down menu:



On the left panel of your KudoZ dashboard, select the option "Asker flags & filters"



This is the box used for filtering askers. In this case no asker has been filtered yet:



To filter an asker you should enter the user's ID in the corresponding box and pres "Filter asker". If you don't know this number you should click on the link "Search answerers" to open a search tool:



In this case a search by name brings the user's ID and username:



Once the asker was filtered, it will look like this in your dashboard page:



And it will look like this when the filtered asker posts a question:



Notification will NOT be sent to you of filtered askers' questions, even when they do match your notification settings. Also, these questions will not be shown to you when you select KudoZ - Answer questions, even when they match your selection criteria.

6.10 - How can I get notifications when a certain user posts a KudoZ answer or reference comment?

In order to get a notification every time a certain registered user posts a KudoZ answer or reference comment you have get this user's authorization to track his/her answers. To do so:

In your top drop-down menu select My ProZ.com -> Dashboard



In the dashboard page select "Answerer tracking"



In the answerer tracking page you can click on "Search for answerer" and enter the corresponding information on name, username of profile number and then click on "Search" and on the found profile name.



At this point the dashboard will show the corresponding profile number and username. You may send a personalized message before sending the request by means of the "track answerer" button.




You can also start this procedure by clicking on the "track this answerer" in an answer or reference comment posted by this user:




After submitting the request, the dashboard will record it as pending:



While the request is pending, you will see a special message in each answer or reference comment posted by this user:



Once your request was accepted, the dashboard will show the following indication:



If you want to stop tracking this user, click on "remove".

You will also see the following in each answer or reference comment posted by the user you are tracking:




You will receive a notification each time this user posts an answer or a reference comment.

6.11 - What are my options for the KudoZ tracking feature?

There are three basic conditions that you can configure selecting My ProZ.com -> Dashboard in your top drop-down menu :



In the dashboard page select "Answerer tracking"



In the box "Who can track you" on the right side of the dashboard you can select the following options:

* Allow anyone to track my answers: requests will be automatically approved.
* Ask me for permission on a case-by-case basis: you will be asked each time a request is received.
* Do not allow anyone to track my answers: all requests will be automatically rejected

6.12 - A user asked for authorization to track my KudoZ answers. Why would someone want to do this?

While the motives could be different for each user, two likely reasons to do so would be (a) to learn from someone who is good in a certain field of expertise or (b) to evaluate a translator for possible future collaborations. Remember that you can revoke the right to track your answers at any time.

6.13 - A site user would like to track my answers, what should I do?

To work on your answer tracking options, select My ProZ.com -> Dashboard in your top drop-down menu :



In the dashboard page select "Answerer tracking"



On this page you will see the notification that you have a pending request to be tracked by a colleague and, on the right side, the identity and message from the colleague willing who sent the request:



This right side panel allows you to approve or decline the request. If you chose to approve it you will be asked for a confirmation:



Note that you can at this point select the option "Allow anyone else who wants to track my answers to do so as well", so that further requests will be automatically approved.

Once you approved one or more users for tracking your answers, you will find them at the table of colleagues tracking you:



This panel allows you to revoke individually the permission to track your answers granted to any of those colleagues.

6.14 - How can I be notified of KudoZ questions in other language pairs?

To be notified of questions asked in language pairs you do not want to list as working language pairs in your profile, just report the language pairs in question as interest language pairs.

To do so, go to your Profile Updater and report your 'non-working' language pairs in the Languages section.

Once reported, click on Edit next to each language pair just added and select I only have an interest in this pair, do not show it in my profile. Remember to save all the changes you apply.

Finally, go to your KudoZ dashboard and set your KudoZ notifications preferences for these language pairs as you have done for your working language pairs.

2 - Glossary-building KudoZ

You may also be interested in:

2.1 - What is the purpose of the glossary-building KudoZ (GBK) questions?

The primary purpose of this new question type is to enable the ProZ.com community to together find the best translation of a given term into a given language, and to incorporate the term and its translation into an authoritative glossary which will be made available openly under the Creative Commons "by" license ("CC-by").

A secondary purpose of the new format is to provide opportunities for KudoZ participation (along with the associated benefits of networking, learning and professional differentiation), in pairs and fields in which few questions are currently asked.

2.2 - How do glossary-building KudoZ (GBK) work?

A glossary-building KudoZ (GBK) 'transaction' involves three steps:

(1) Posting: A term is posted by an authorized person for translation into one or more pairs. A definition and one or more example sentences are included with the question. Notification of the GBK-type question is sent to interested and qualified site users.

(2) Submission: During the 72 hours following the posting, qualified parties are able to suggest translations including terms, definitions, example sentences and optionally references. These parties will also be able to post peer comments and grading on the answers provided.

(3) At the end of the submission period the system will attempt to close the question. If successful, a notification will be sent to the person who posted the selected answer, 4 points will be assigned to that answer (unless the question was posted as not-for-points) and the a glossary entry will be created and stored. If closing proves impossible, notifications will be sent to all interested and qualified parties and a selection phase will last until the peer-grading received allows for the closure of the question.

2.3 - Who can participate in the glossary-building KudoZ (GBK) questions?

Participation in a GBK question, including answering, posting references and grading, is limited to site users who (1) Have the corresponding field(s) of expertise among their "specialty" fields. (2) Have the corresponding language pair among their working ones. (3) Are native in either source or target languages.

During the selection phase (questions still open after the first 72-hours period) participation is extended to site users who satisfy the language pair and native language criteria and have the field of expertise among their working ones.

All users can post discussion entries.

2.4 - Why is the participation limited in glossary-building KudoZ?

The purpose of the glossary-building KudoZ is to coordinate the efforts of willing members of the ProZ.com community in building up an authoritative glossary of terms and their translations in many languages and fields. With a focus on the quality of the resulting glossary entries and ample time for submission and selection of answers, it was decided to limit participation to specialists in the field and language pair.

2.5 - Why are these limitations not applied to "help term" KudoZ as well?

The main goal of "term help" KudoZ is to provide those in need of translation assistance with access to timely help. Therefore the access is open to allow the participation of anybody willing and able to help. The asker selects the most helpful among the responses received (and awards points for it).

2.6 - What are the additional fields of expertise?

A GBK has a main field of expertise and may have one or more additional fields of expertise. These additional field are also included in the filter (notifications and access to the question).

For instance a question with primary field "telecommunications" may also be related to "computers: software" and to "Computers: systems, networks"

This will be only related to notifications and access (and in the future to searches in the glossary). The corresponding KudoZ points will be assigned to the primary field.

The additional fields are included in the GBK term searches.

2.7 - I added in my profile the specialty field needed to answer a GBK question but I still can't answer it.

Users who adds a new "specialty" field of expertise to their profiles will not be provided access to GBK filtered by this particular field for 72 hours after implementing this change. This aims to preventing users from modifying their profiles in order to "follow" the specialties requested in the questions.

This restriction will not apply to profiles created less than a month ago.

2.8 - How are GBK questions graded?

At the end of the 72-hours submission phase (and periodically if the question entered in a selection phase) an 'auto-grading robot' makes its selection based on the net number of peer 'agrees' received by each answer, according to the following rules:
* To be considered, an answer must have at least two "net agrees" (agrees minus disagrees).
* The answer with the highest number of net agrees is selected.
* If two answers have the same number of net agrees, the one posted by the answerer with the corresponding language pair ranked higher is selected.
* If still undecided, the alternative entered latest is selected. The logic behind this criterion is that all those agreed to the second answer have seen the first one and still voted for the second, therefore preferring the second answer, while those that voted for the first one may not have seen the second answer when voted.

2.9 - The submission period for a GBK question has ended and the question is still open. Can I still submit a translation?

Yes. Answers can be posted during the selection period, or even when the question has been closed.

2.10 - Can I provide more than one answer as different options when answering a GBK question?

Answerers in GBK can provide more than one answer to the same term, as this is the proper way to offer synonyms. In this case the example sentence(s) should include the term offered in each answer.

2.11 - Can I post more than one term in my answer to a GBK question?

No. Even if you know two or more different terms to answer a GBK question you should provide only one of them in your answer, the one used in the example sentence(s).

If you know synonyms or other possible interpretations of the term asked besides the one you already offered in your answer, you can provide additional answer(s), each containing just a term, and with definition and example sentences related to that term.

2.12 - Is it OK to to answer a GBK question suggesting the same term already offered in another answer?

Yes. A GBK answer includes a term, a definition and at least one example sentence. The term is only a part of the answer, and it could happen that the second answer offering the same term includes, for instance, a better definition.

Time should not play such a central role in GBK, where a better answer should be more relevant than a faster one.

2.13 - I want (or do not want) to receive notifications about GBK questions, what should I do?

You should un-check (check) the option "Ignore glossary-building questions " and click on "Save settings" in the KudoZ dashboard.

2.14 - I want to receive only notifications about GBK questions, what should I do?

You should select the option Asker type = "Glossary-building questions " in the KudoZ dashboard.

2.15 - How are the GBK questions created?

"Glossary-building KudoZ concepts" are selected from current KudoZ entries or from other sources, and are edited to make sure they have the proper terms, definitions and examples of use. This is currently being done in English, but other languages could be added later.

This is being currently done by site staff, but in the future this task will be performed by site members who will be part of a "GBK (Glossary-building KudoZ) team".

2.16 - There is no "neutral" option in the peer comments. How can I leave a comment to the answerer?

If you are allowed to provide a peer-comment, then you should be able to post a note to the answerer by using the link provided at the bottom of the answer.



The messages posted will be visible above the voting area of the question:

2.17 - What is the "Glossary-building KudoZ questions" box displayed in the home page? Can I customize what I see there?

Users who meet the criteria to answer GBK questions and have a minimum of 10 open questions available to answer will be presented with a box displaying a randomly selected open question.

Like many other home page features, users can select not to see this box, or customize its position by clicking the "customize" link on the feature or selecting
"My ProZ.com" -> "My settings" -> "Site settings"

3 - Glossaries

3.1 - 如何将一个生词添加到词汇表里？

1.转到您的Profile
2. 选择词汇表标题栏下的“输入术语”选项（简介专页的左列）

3.2 - 如何上传现有的词汇表？

Only plain text, standard format glossary can be uploaded. Word documents, RTF files, or any format other than plain text will not work. The maximum allowed file size is 2MB. If you have a glossary file larger than 2MB, please break it up into smaller pieces.
Note: Glossaries should be in the form:
source termtarget termNotesURL

(Notes and URL are optional.)

1. Go to your profile
2. Click on your name
3. Select "Enter Terms" under Glossary
4. Select "Upload your glossaries!" located at the bottom of the page.

3.3 - 如何编辑词汇表或现有生词？

Note that these instructions apply only to terms in your personal glossaries. Terms in the site-wide KudoZ glossary can only be edited by a moderator. If you want to suggest a change to a term in the site-wide glossary, you can contact the appropriate moderator using the moderator list.

To edit an existing term:

1. Go to My Proz.com
2. Click on My Glossary
3. Click on the name of the glossary where the term is
4. Click the term in question
5. Click the 'Edit or add info to this term' at the bottom of the page
6. Edit the existing information or add new information, and click the "Enter" button to save your changes

To edit the name of a glossary:

1. Go to My Proz.com
2. Click on My Glossary
3. Click on the [Rename] link, next to the glossary you want to edit

3.4 - How do I move a term from one glossary to another?

1. Go to your Profile page
2. Click the name of the glossary where the term is
3. Click the term in question
4. Click the 'Edit or add info to this term' at the bottom of the page.
5. There will now be a drop down list 'Your Glossary' that will allow you to change which glossary the term belongs to. You may move it to another glossary, or create a new glossary that the term will be added to.

3.5 - How can I send/receive glossaries through my profile?

You can send and/or receive glossary files using the Send file (beta)... tool in profiles.

You will find more information about the Send file (beta)... option here.

4 - GlossPost

4.1 - What is GlossPost?

GlossPost is a searchable database of links to glossaries on the Internet. It has been compiled by members of ProZ.com and the YahooGroup of the same name created in February 2000 by Brazilian translator and conference interpreter Maria Eugenia Farre. The database is maintained by a group of volunteer moderators, however any ProZ.com member can search the database or submit new glossary URLs.

4.2 - What are the goals driving GlossPost at ProZ.com?

We have three main goals:

- To create an online terminology resource with searching capabilities specifically designed for the needs of translators.
- To enlarge the database by benefiting from the collaborative spirit of ProZ.com users.
- To ensure the accessibility of GlossPost and honor the commitment of providing a free and useful resource for translators across the globe.

4.3 - What are the possibilities created by the collaboration between GlossPost and ProZ.com?

In brief: creating a larger database of glossary URLs, with addresses in more language combinations, annotated by translators. Since its inception, GlossPost has attracted mostly translators specializing in Western languages. Since ProZ.com is a huge multilingual community with active participants across the whole linguistic spectrum, we hope that translators of other languages will also feel compelled to add links to the glossaries they use in their daily work to the benefit of all.

We also hope to contribute with the expertise acquired in moderating GlossPost to make the new site a useful and efficient online terminology resource.

4.4 - How many links from the original GlossPost archives have been included?

At launch, approximately 1,600 links from the archives have been included automatically. This doesn't cover the entire GlossPost original database, but there are plans to import more links in the future, as time permits.

4.5 - Will the links in the GlossPost database at ProZ.com be checked to prevent dead pages and repeat URLs?

In our new home at ProZ.com, we want to address all the concerns and issues that affected GlossPost subscribers in the past. Link rot is one of them, and we are not the only sufferers. The GlossPost URLs at ProZ.com will be checked periodically using an automated function to make sure that the database remains as current as possible. Also, manual editing of the URLs has been made possible. Links can be checked and marked good or bad, made invisible or visible to other users by the users themselves and also by the moderators. Incomplete entries can be supplemented by addition information from other users.

4.6 - What are the searching capabilities included in the GlossPost database at ProZ.com?

The searching capabilities have been greatly improved. At the new database, users will be able to browse the glossary URLs, search by keyword, language combination, discipline or BSO category. For obvious reasons, the ability to search by language combination was one of the most common requests received from GlossPost subscribers. A feature enabling automated announcements of glossary URLs in the language combinations specified by ProZ.com users is also being studied.

4.7 - How can I contribute to the expansion of this glossary database?

By posting the URLs of glossaries, dictionaries and other terminology resources you find on the web.

You can also contribute to this initiative by editing and verifying the links included in the database (this option may or may not be available, depending on your site activity level). Also, since the project has just been kicked off, it will be extremely valuable to get as much feedback as possible about the design and results the searchers are getting. Please send your feedback to support.

4.8 - What is the posting procedure?

The posting form can be found here.

The fields are:

URL: enter the URL for the resource (glossary, terminology database or dictionary)
Title: enter a title for the resource, e.g. Hydrology Glossary or Dog Breeds or Turkish Language Dictionary
Source: enter the source for the resource, e.g. Unicode.org or Association of Dog Breeders of America or Academie Francaise
Comment: enter useful comments pertaining to the URL, e.g. "reliable translations", "single-page glossary", "downloadable as .pdf", "watch your step, contains typos".
Source Language: select the source language(s) from the list. If many languages are included, as is commonly the case with EU resources, you can select the All/Many languages radio button.
Target Language: select the target language(s) from the list. If many languages are included, as is commonly the case with EU resources, you can select the All/Many languages radio button.
Disciplines: select one or more disciplines, as you would when submitting a KudoZ question.
BSO Category: select one or more BSO categories

When you have completed the fields you want to add, press the Submit button. It's not necessary to fill in all the fields, but if possible, try to fill in as many as you can. This will help us build a better database and enable you to get more precise results in the future. Note, however, that some fields are mandatory and marked with a * for your convenience. Your entry will not be vetted before you have completed the mandatory fields.

4.9 - In what language should I post?

The GlossPost moderator suggests and encourages users to post in English. However, we realize that this may not always be possible, due to multiculturalism considerations. Comments in other languages are considered OK, but for the benefit of all and better search results, try to include at least a few words in English in the keyword field and/or give a title to the glossary in English.

4.10 - As a ProZ.com user, will I get any benefits from posting glossaries?

Yes! Members will be awarded 10 browniz points for each URL submitted, and 5 browniz points for each edited entry. The name of the poster and editor will be acknowledged when URLs are displayed.

4.11 - How can I report bugs or send suggestions?

Feedback is always welcome. Please send an e-mail to support.

4.12 - What will happen to the GlossPost list at Yahoogroups?

The GlossPost list at Yahoogroups will be eventually phased out and replaced by the new resource at ProZ.com. For the time being, however, it will continue to run under the moderatorship of Maria Eugenia Farre. There will also be some forwarding of links from GlossPost at Yps and the Translator Resources Forum to GlossPost at ProZ.com. However, GlossPost subscribers and Translator Resources Forum users are encouraged to post their new finds to GlossPost at ProZ.com.

4.13 - Where can I learn more about the history of GlossPost?

This interview with GlossPost creator Maria Eugenia Farre contains more information on the list's history.

5 - ProZ.com term search

5.1 - What is ProZ.com Term search?

5.2 - How are terms added to the terms database?

5.3 - How can I contribute to the expansion of the terms database?

5.4 - Which are the search options available?

5.5 - Can I save my search settings?

5.6 - Where are results retrieved from?

5.7 - How are results ordered?

5.8 - It seems I am not getting all the results I should. Why?

5.9 - What happened to "Reverse lookup"?