as perceived by - в соответствии с тем, как они воспринимаются ... ( translation glossary) conceptualization ,科学（普通）,科学

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词条（来自下列问题）

English英语词条或短语：	as perceived by
Russian俄语翻译：	в соответствии с тем, как они воспринимаются ...
输入者：	Valery Kaminski

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13:13 Nov 3, 2006

English英语至Russian俄语翻译 [专业]
Science - 科学（普通） / conceptualization

English英语词条或短语： as perceived by

INU endeavors to steadily enlarge the circle of people from different continents and civilizations who cooperate to realize the two major aims:
...
2) Contributing to the construction of a truly universal world civilization by systematic appreciation of approaches and accumulated knowledge emanating from the different living civilizations.
...
The field of activities includes - besides research - conference organization, lectures, documentation and publication (INU Press).

Indeed, the INU elaborates concepts and ideas, brings to light facts as well as proposes action. Although INU combats undisciplined thinking and the proliferation of information parading under the pseudonym of science, this self-imposed discipline in the creation and discovery of knowledge doesn't lead to a "weltfremd" mentality but implies a responsible approach to the solving of practical problems ***as perceived by*** individuals and communities. It also remains open to the discussion of any new ideas or findings with any group or individual independent of social status or prestige. This openmindedness, eliminating all considerations extraneous to its creative work, determines the INU's approach and spirit. The INU develops its own research program having its own priorities, disseminating the results for a broader audience, but it also serves as a clearing house for the communication of knowledge coming from others. The INU is a type of non-governmental cooperative university bringing together motivated people, a creative circle held together not by egotism but by common interests. It definitely doesn't try to perpetuate such traditional institutions as credentials and recommendations, affiliated or not, student or professor, full or associate, etc. Indeed, within the INU, dialogue is determined exclusively by complementarity and community of interest and knowledge. The INU is fundamentally against any form of self-complacency and fashionability.

Главным образом непонятно, каковым и что воспринимается (perceived) отдельными лицами и сообществами, то есть к чему эта связка as - к responsible (воспринимают подход как ответственный), к practical (воспринимают проблемы как практические) или к problems (воспринимают проблемы как таковые) или смысл в другом?