Glossary entry (derived from question below)
English英语 term or phrase:
bias
Chinese汉语 translation:
偏倚
English英语 term
bias
Increasing the sample size tends to reduce the sampling error; that is, it makes the sample statistic less variable. However, increasing sample size does not affect survey bias. A large sample size cannot correct for the methodological problems (undercoverage, nonresponse bias, etc.) that produce survey bias. (stattrek.com)
If, for example, the purpose is measuring average household income and the households without a phone have lower average income than others, ignoring the nonphone group will lead to an upward bias of average household income in the population. Of course the size of the bias would probably be limited in this example, because the group of households without a phone connection is small. (rand.org)
The Internet is an attractive mode of data collection to survey researchers due to cost savings and timeliness in comparison with other modes. However, survey estimates are subject to coverage bias if sampled persons with Internet access are systematically different from those without Internet access who were excluded from the survey. (European Survey Research Association)
Mar 13, 2009 12:09: changed "Kudoz queue" from "In queue" to "Public"
Mar 13, 2009 21:54: changed "Stage" from "Preparation" to "Submission"
Mar 16, 2009 21:54: changed "Stage" from "Submission" to "Selection"
Nov 5, 2009 07:54: changed "Stage" from "Selection" to "Completion"
Proposed translations
偏倚
系统误差即偏倚（bias）：是指研究结果系统地偏离了真实情况。与随机误差不同，偏倚的存在总是造成研究结果或高于真值或低于真值，因而具有方向性。由于在研究工作中定量的估计偏倚的大小很困难，而确定偏倚的方向却相对较容易。当偏倚使研究结果高于真值时，称之为正偏倚，反之，偏倚使研究结果低于真值时，称之为负偏倚。 (百度百科)
临床研究中的偏倚一般分为三类，即选择偏倚、信息偏倚、混杂偏倚。 (互动百科)
当询问调查对象有关疾病、既往病史、个人习惯、特征或暴露史时，由于多种原因，使回答不准确而引起偏倚。如当询问病人某种暴露史，由于病人因自己患病，故对暴露史能记忆起来，而健康人由于不在意则常遗忘，这种偏倚称回忆偏倚（recall bias）有时偏倚是由于调查对象不愿意提供真实情况而引起，称报告偏倚（reporting bias）如有些人的冶游史、有的年轻人的吸烟史往往被隐瞒。调查中设法消除被调查者的顾虑。 (中医世家)
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