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原文文本 - English英语 Introduction Because the epidural injection of a small quantity of morphine is highly reliable in providing post-operative pain relief and its application is simple and easy, it has become one of the most common methods for post-operative pain relief at present. However, the accompanying incidence of nausea and vomiting is up to 60%, so the question of how the post-operative pain relief effects of epidural injection of morphine can be enhanced while at the same time reducing its side effects has already attracted wide clinical attention. The aim of this study was to observe the clinical effectiveness of dexamethasone in reducing the nausea and vomiting produced by epidural injection of morphine for post-operative pain relief.
原文文本 - English英语 Special points in the history and examination
Acute appendicitis typically runs a short course, between a few hours and about 3 days. A recent or current sore throat or viral-type illness favours the diagnosis. The patient with appendicitis is typical quiet, apathetic and flushed. The lively child doing jigsaw puzzles almost never has appendicitis! Signs of peritoneal inflammation in the right are often absent in the early stages of the illness. The patient should be ask to cough, below the abdominal wall out and draw it in. All of these cause pain if the peritoneum is inflamed. In children, it may be difficulty to interpret apparent tenderness, especially if children cries and refuses to cooperate. One useful test is to ask the child to stand, then to hop on the right leg, if this can be achieved, there is unlikely to be any significant peritoneal inflammation.
Main symptoms of acute appendicitis
Abdominal pain for less than 72 hours
Vomiting 1-3 times
Facial flush
Tenderness concentrated on the right
Fever between 37.3-38.5oC
原文文本 - English英语 CLEANING
1. Immediately following surgery, disassemble and soak the retractor for 20 minutes in a neutral pH solution.
2. Carefully scrub the retractor using a soft brush to remove all visible soil, paying special attention to the ratchet bar.
3. Use only a neutral pH (6-8) solution. Use of acidic or alkaline detergents will remove chromium oxide from surface of stainless steel causing pitting or breakage of the retractor. The guarantee of the product may be voided if instruments are continually exposed to high acid (pH4 or lower) or high alkaline (pH10 or higher) solutions, detergents, disinfectants, stain removers, etc.
4. The retractor should be thoroughly rinsed with distilled water after cleaning to remove any residual debris or cleaning agent.
Stem cells are primal, undifferentiated cells which have the unique potential to produce any kind of cell in the body. Medical researchers believe stem cells have the potential to change the face of human disease by being used to repair specific tissues or to grow organs.
Types
There are three types of stem cells:
• A single totipotent stem cell can grow into an entire organism and even produce extra-embryonic tissues. Blastomeres have this property.
• Pluripotent stem cells cannot grow into a whole organism, but they are able to differentiate into cells derived from any of the three germ layers.
• Multipotent (also called unipotent) stem cells can only become some types of cells: e.g. blood cells, or bone cells.
Stem cells are also categorized according to their source, as either adult or embryonic.
• Adult stem cells are indifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells of a specific tissue and are mostly multipotent cells. They are already being used in treatments for over one hundred diseases and conditions.
• Embryonic stem cells are cultured cells obtained from the inner mass cells of a blastocyst. Embryonic stem cell research is still in the 'basic research' phase. Research with embryonic stem cells is controversial because it requires the destruction of an embryo, which many people believe to be human beings, in order to start a stem cell 'line' or lineage.
原文文本 - English英语 STRETCHING THE SWEDISH KRONOR: DESPITE LIMITED FUNDS, SWEDISH BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH IS STRONG
With 9 million people, it is roughly the size of Michigan, but in terms of research and development it's near the front of the world with its expertise.
Swedish officials and company CEOs told BioWorld Today that it's not a rich venture capital environment or an overwhelming amount of government funding that attracts companies to the area. But the country does have a 28 percent tax rate for businesses - the second lowest in Europe after Ireland. It offers strong science from universities in Lund, Gothenburg, Stockholm and Uppsala, as well as a law allowing university scientists to keep ownership of their own inventions. And it has an established practice of spinning out university research into commercial companies.
"For Sweden, and for Scandinavia, and even for Europe, we are pretty far along in this process," said Harriet Wallberg-Henriksson, the president of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, which has spun out about 50 life sciences companies. "Compared to the U.S., we are far behind. American universities have been doing this 10 years longer than we have."
Primary focus:
-Medicine: clinical medicine, genetic disorders, cardiovascular diseases; medical research reports, medical history summary, clinical discharge reports, prescriptions, etc.
-Medical science: genetics, biology, biomedicine,
-Medical and Pharmaceutical industry: product profile; clinical trial;
Experienced in:
-Business management: strategic management, competitive business analysis.
-Finance: company annual report, industry analysis, M&A,
-Economy: macro, micro-Economy
-Sales and Marketing: marketing strategy; marketing marterial, product profile, presentations, market research
MSc in Scientific, Technical and Medical Translation with Translation Technology (University of London, Imperial College, London, UK);
MBA (Melbourne Business School, Melbourne, Australia);
MD (Shanghai Second Medical University--now Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, China)
MCIL of Chartered Institute Of Linguists (United Kingdom);
Associate member with ITI (United Kingdom).
I have been living and working in English-speaking countries for 10 years (Australia, UK).
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