入(世）流/不入（世）流？

The meaning of “asceticism” is implied in “入世” & “出世”, however, it needs to be explicitly stated in English. Also, “Otherworldly” may be replaced with “Inner-worldly” to better reflect the concept of “出世”, where the focus is on one's “inner self”.

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From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asceticism

Early 20th-century German sociologist Max Weber made a distinction between innerweltliche and ausserweltliche asceticism, which means (roughly) "inside the world" and "outside the world", respectively. Talcott Parsons translated these as "worldly" and "otherworldly"—however, some translators use "inner-worldly", and this is more in line with inner world explorations of mysticism, a common purpose of asceticism. "Inner or Other- worldly" asceticism is practised by people who withdraw from the world to live an ascetic life (this includes monks who live communally in monasteries, as well as hermits who live alone). "Worldly" asceticism refers to people who live ascetic lives but do not withdraw from the world.

Chinese汉语 term (edited): “社關傳統” & “屬靈傳統”

入世与出世就不要翻译了，只要翻译「社关传统」与「属灵传统」就好了。
社关传统 --> Collective Salvation
属灵传统 --> Individual Salvation

It sounds like the terms are not being used in a way that reflects any strict doctrine, so I think there are a range of terms you can use. Engaged/engagement certainly sounds like a good option:

Here are some pairs that I think can be used to capture the distinction:
engagement vs withdrawal,
embrace vs rejection (of the world),
worldliness vs other-worldliness,
lay-oriented vs monastic
devotional vs ascetic
or even, in some contexts: Mahayana vs Theravada

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This link gives some good options, too:
http://www.alanpeto.com/buddhism/understanding-mahayana-ther...
"So in a nutshell Theravada promotes personal (individual) liberation from suffering, and Mahayana promotes liberating all sentient beings from suffering."

focused on personal liberation vs focused on universal liberation

IMHO, there is no need to directly translate the terms as long as the meaning and essence of the text is conveyed to the reader.

入世： social ministry-based churches (mainline Protestant)

出世： spiritual ministry-based churches (evangelicals) that place emphasis on the individual gospel

這種「入世」的社關傳統，又很容早被偏向「出世」的屬靈傳統所質疑，認為「社會福音」的「偏差」會將「個人福音」的價值扭曲及犧牲。

The social ministry approach is often questioned by proponents of the spiritual ministry approach, as the latter views the social gospel as a distortion of the individual gospel.

Sources:
Http://bit.ly/19OstPl : "socially engaged Buddhism is often translated into Chinese as rushi, “in the world,” while a practice focused on study, meditation, seclusion, and so on, is termed chushi, detached, literally “exiting [the] world"

On spiritual ministry and social ministry in a Christian context:
http://slidesha.re/K8A5CQ
http://bit.ly/1eH4tlo

http://bit.ly/1fKUkAo : Where again I see this as a microcosm of the problems of the "mainline" Protestant churches here in the US is the seemingly over-emphasis of a social gospel vs what many Evangelicals see as the role of a church, which is preaching the Gospel to save sinners.”

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainline_Protestant

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelicalism









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http://www.sureaboutheaven.com/assurance-test/test-of-your-u... : "The 'world' in question is the world system. A sinful man craves {worldly} things, that is, fame, fortune, "just" this new [insert latest gadget here], holidaying, an easy life, full health, security and the like."

In a Christian context (among lay persons), the word "worldly" is commonly used to describe the things of the world (money, fame, material things) and "unworldly" is used to describe things of the Spirit. However, in this context, 入世 is used to describe a social ministry approach and 出世 is used to describe a spiritual ministry approach. Perhaps putting the terms "worldly" and "unworldly" in inverted commas would help the reader understand that that the terms aren't being used as they normally are. However, considering the semantics these words carry in the Christian (English) world, I would just omit them altogether, as it doesn't really change the meaning of the text. Just my two cents.

入世/出世 seems to be a Buddhist concept that can't be neatly translated into a single English word. However, if you really need to put the words in, I suggest adapting the text in the link above: "rushi (in the world); chushi (detached, literally “exiting [the] world)"

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Note added at 2 days16 hrs (2013-12-28 09:14:01 GMT)
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Correction: 入世/出世 seems to be a Buddhist concept that can't be neatly translated into single English word(s) for a reader who is unfamiliar with Buddhist concepts. Hence, more explanation is needed in order to ensure that the reader understands the terms.

’入世‘ 的用法和定义在原文是挺清楚的，至于 ’出世‘，不是不清楚， 而是为何作者用它来形容基督教的信仰。为确定一下，我稍为搜寻并得出如下结论。

佛教的 ’出世‘ 观的解释如下 ［来自圣严法师］：（请参见最下面的链接）

’为了厌离这个苦多乐少的世间，所以要求解脱生死。可见，佛教是厌世的，也是出世的。‘

这里表达了 beyond the world 的意思。 基于这个解释，我觉得挺配合原文所针对的一些基督教的所谓 ’「出世」的屬靈傳統‘ － the so-called ’beyond-the-world‘ tradition of spirituality as propagated by Evangelical Christians.

I found a book title that translates 入世 and 出世 as follow （参见下面链接）:

In the World or beyond the World: Liang Shuming s Ultimate Concern;
在入世与出世之间 — 论梁漱溟的终极关怀

返回原文：這種「入世」的社關傳統，又很容早被偏向「出世」的屬靈傳統所質疑

其实我觉得用 In the world ／ beyond the world 是挺理想的。但是既然你想只用一个形容词来翻译，那我就建议用：

’worldly‘ and ’unworldly‘

这两个英文字词《牛津字典》都有收录，你可查证是否合用。我认识一些 Evangelical 的教会领袖他们日常证道的时候都喜欢这样表达。

供参考。




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Note added at 4 days (2013-12-29 17:46:33 GMT)
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再翻阅一次牛津英汉双解字典，它对 ‘worldly' 的注释是 ’connected with the world in which we live rather than with spiritual things。中文则是 ‘尘世的’， ‘世俗的’， ‘世事的’。 The opposite is 'spiritual'。'connected with the world' is key here - 即是与世界有联系的。 我选用 worldly 因为一个基督徒如何和世界有关连，可以存在不同的程度。原文的 ‘社 关’ － 社会关怀 － 关注社会问题如贫穷人的遭遇、被欺压的边缘人士，正正是其中一种联系方式，也是他们的基督信仰的表达。

我明白作者的原意，指出主流教派的所谓 ‘社会福音’ 侧重关心社会，而忽略了个人灵性的操练。你想在翻译里将基督徒在社会问题事务上的参与用 engage 表达。个人觉得也可以的。请参见英国圣公会的链接，有 the Church engages in Home Affairs Policy 的字眼。

http://www.churchofengland.org/our-views.aspx

‘社关’ Social concern 本身就是一种 engagement in society。70－80年代始主流教派曾经提倡基督徒 'to serve in church 'and' society', 就是不光要服侍教会内的基督徒，更要将基督的爱心推出教堂围墙之外。除了作教会内的好信徒，也要关怀邻舍，学习好撒玛利亚人的榜样Good Samaritan，服务人群。

对了， 社关＝social concern，是普遍使用字眼，尤其指教会的社会关怀。不单是 social care 社会照顾, 请参见连接：
http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3510030?uid=3738032&ui...
这个是浸信会的网页：http://www.guildfordbaptist.org/about/social-concern/

基于字典解释，我建议保留 ’world' 因为原文有 ‘世界’ 的意思，我们做翻译的好像尽可能保持原作字词，却同时可加上 engagement 如下：

This tradition of 'engagement in the world' through social concern was also questioned by the spiritual traditions that favored to seclude themselves from the world.

用 ‘world-engaged' 意思一样，却更贴切！

供参考。